SQT Security/static testing and dynamic testing

How static testing and dynamic testing differ?

Both static testing and dynamic testing have significance in Software qualification testing (SQT).

What is Static Testing?

In Static Testing, code is checked manually. The main purpose of this testing is quality improvement of software products by finding errors in initial stages of the development cycle. This testing is also known as verification testing or Non-execution technique. Manual or automated reviews of the documents are done during initial phase of testing in Static testing. It inspects work documents and presents review comments. Examples of work documents are Requirement specifications, Source Code, Help or User document, Test Scripts, Test cases etc.

What is Dynamic Testing?

Unlike in Static testing, a code is executed inDynamic Testing. It checks for functional conduct of software system, CPU/memoryusage and system’s overall performance. This is why it is called dynamic. The main purpose of this testing is to verify that the software product works in conformance with the requirements of business. This testing is also known as validation testing or Execution technique. Black and white box testing are both examples of dynamic testing.

Static Testing Techniques:

• Technical Reviews: Technical specification of the software product is reviewed by a team consisting of your peers. They try to locate any fault in the specifications and followed standards. This review focuses mainly on the technical documentation allied to the software such as Test plan, Test Strategy and requirement specification documents.
• Informal Reviews: This is a kind of review which doesn't follow any process to locate errors in the document. Under this method, you just review the document and give informal comments on it.
• Inspection: The key objective is to find defects and meeting is led by a trained moderator. This is a formal kind of review where strict process is followed to find the defects. To review the work products, reviewers have a checklist.
• Static code Review: This is a methodical review of the software source code without really executing the code. It checks the coding standards, code optimization, syntax of the code etc. This is called white box testing. At virtually any point during development, this review can be done.

Dynamic Testing Techniques:

·        UnitTesting: Individual units or modules are tested under unit testing.

·        Integration Testing: Developers group individual modules together and test. Objective is to establish what modules are working as anticipated once they are integrated.

·  SystemTesting: System testing is carried out on the whole system by inspecting whether the system or application meets the prerequisites.

Difference between Static and Dynamic Testing:

Static Testing	Dynamic Testing
Testing is carried out without executing the program	Testing is carried out by executing the program
Static testing performs verification process	Dynamic testing performs validation process
Static testing gives an assessment of code and documentation	Dynamic testing gives bugs/bottlenecks in the software system.
Static testing is about avoidance of defects	Dynamic testing is about discovering and fixing the defects
This testing can be carried out before compilation	Dynamic testing is carried out after compilation
Cost of discovering defects and fixing them is quite low	Cost of locating and fixing defects is comparatively high
Return on investment (ROI) is naturally higher as this process is carried out at an early stage	Return on investment (ROI) is low as this process is carried out  after the development phase

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